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Berkeley Springs is a town in Morgan County, West
Virginia also known as Bath, with a population of 663 at the 2000
census. In the early years of this country, Berkeley Springs was a popular
resort. The mineral springs drew many visitors from metropolitan areas.
Notable visitors to the area included George Washington and James
Rumsey. Berkeley Springs is a sister city to Bath, Somerset, England and
features castle that overlooks the town known as Berkeley Castle.
While vacationing in the area in 1767,
Washington made note of how busy the town had become. Lord Fairfax had
built a summer home there and a private bath making the area a popular
destination for Virginia's social elite. With the advent of
independence, the Virginia Legislature established a town around the
spring in December 1776. The town was officially named Bath, in honor of
England's spa city of Bath. George Washington, his family members and
several of the colonial elite were among the town's first landowners.
The town's main north-south street was named Washington and the main
east-west street was named Fairfax. Also, four acres were set aside for
suffering humanity. Berkeley Springs park was made part of the West
Virginia state park system in 1925. The area continues to be a popular resort area with tourism the main
industry in the county. In 1748, George Washington, then just 16 years
old, was part of the survey party the surveyed the Eastern Panhandle
region for Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. He later
returned several times over the next several years with his
half-brother, Laurence, who was ill and hoped that the warm springs
might improve his health. The springs, and their rumored medicinal
benefits, attracted numerous Native Americans as well as Europeans to
the area. Bath's population increased during and immediately after the American
Revolutionary War as wounded soldiers and others came to the area
believing that the warm springs had medicinal qualities. Bath gained a
reputation as a somewhat wild town where eating, drinking, dancing and,
gambling on the daily horse races were the order of the day.
Bath became known to the world as Berkeley Springs in 1802 when the
Virginia postal system was established and there was already a Bath,
Virginia in Bath County. The waters were known as Berkeley Springs
because the protocol was to name springs after the county in which they
were located. At that time, Bath was part of Berkeley County named after
colonial Governor Norborne Berkeley.
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